Military Sealift Command (MSC)

Military Sealift Command (MSC) External factors affecting MSC environment Military Sealift Command had the following factors affecting the external environment of the organization: their perceived opponents who tried to deny them access and even make it harder for them to access the global ports and sea-lanes that were sabotaging access challenges affecting the organization as the US navy who were to conduct their business around.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Military Sealift Command (MSC) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This freedom of access is very important to the global economy as it facilitates the movement of resources as well as the growth of trade. The decline of the overseas military presence will be quite uneconomical, as it will require more military forces to protect US interests since they will be forced to move further into the sea. They also faced infrastructure challenges as it had poor infrastructure development in most areas where the US has future interests is likely to hinder their future operations (Barney, 2007. p 65). These areas lack seaports and airports as well as poor road networks. These areas also have severe water shortages as well as few or no electrical and sewerage services. These shortages directly hinder the deployment of military forces by the US and her partners as well as in response to humanitarian aid. The other factor of the organization that affected the US military include the type of technology used even though the advancement of information and communication technology has proved to be beneficial, it can also be dangerous especially in the military field. While the US military has advanced in technology, their perceived opponents and enemies may also gain access to these same technologies and may use them to cause an attack, disrupt or even degrade the US military communications and the flow of information. Investment in technology has also proved to be expensive and one must choose carefully due to its cost, the training expenses as well as their key objective, which is to gain total efficiency. Getting good and efficient software for both financial as well as other decisions making such as AHP that was difficult and quite expensive (Mintzberg at el, 2004. p 152). The other external environmental factor is the government policies with the current financial crisis; the US government has a huge budget deficit that has affected several government operations including the military operations.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According the US Secretary of Defense, Robert Gates, the American government should put more emphasis on the military spending and adjust its priorities to address the increasingly changing threats from its enemies and world. The threats include; the terrorists, rising powers as well as the rogue nations who are determ ined to harm the US. These opponents have realized that they cannot confront the US directly on military grounds, so they are trying other possible options. This dominance is not perceived well by the US enemies and may do anything they can to jeopardize the military operations. This is the reason why the American government, should invest in programs, personnel as well as platforms that will guarantee her continued dominance. Since the end of the Cold War, the US Navy has shrunk but its battle fleet is still larger the next thirteen navies combined with eleven of those being the allies of US. The strategic planning on the future trends of challenges faced with the energy resources with the rising use of more fossil fuels by the emerging economies like China and India, there is a lot of pressure on the world’s energy resources (Barney, 2007. p 65). There is a need for the use of alternative sources of energy by the US military. These changes require huge capital use, changes in political attitudes by world leaders towards the use of nuclear energy as well as the dramatic changes in technology. Internal strength and weakness in the organization SWOT analysis involves strength and weaknesses of an organization are interior factors that affect a company business. The main strengths of MSC are that they have highly trained workforce, quality as well as safety management system focused. MSC Resources in the Military Sealift Command currently operates about 111 non-combatant, civilian-crewed ships across the globe. The MSC also has approximately fifty military ships on standby and are ready for military use. The Headquarter of Military Sealift Command is in Washington, D.C with branches across the country. It has about 8,000 employees, both military and civilian. MSC get its finances from two main sources, i.e. the transportation working capital and the navy working capital fund. Each one of these funds has different functions. The purpose of the Transport wo rking capital is to finance the operation of the sealift services whereas the main purpose of the navy working capital fund is to support the navy force and operations as well as other military entities. Though MSC gets its funding from these two sources, it does not get funding from its command operations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Military Sealift Command (MSC) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it obtains finances from the money transfers its customers transfer into the working capital funds. These are the finances the MSC uses to finance its command operations. Since MSC is not a profit- making organization, they do not budget to make profits but instead their working capital funds budget to break-even. The company had the following weaknesses: it was slow in the hiring process of CIVMAR and the shore employees. MSC and the Navy component to USTRANSCOM which provides approximately 30 ships and crews daily to support operations in force sustainment, delivery of the combat equipments, fuel, vehicles, ammunition as well as the ammunitions to the US forces around the world in times of war and peace (Mintzberg at el, 2003. p 152). Sometimes MSC are involved in the misappropriation of funds. Since the MSC is involved in administration and one of their core objectives is administrate the scarce resources efficiently with the aim of saving funds. At times the military personnel concentrates on completing the mission and may lead to making fast in appropriate decisions in order to complete these missions lead to bad financial decisions. Personnel in the military usually have a turnover after every three years, this puts them under a lot of pressure in their careers like the need for promotions, evaluations and other penalties that civilians do not have. The military personnel face dilemmas between choosing between careers and professional interests when they are involved in decision-ma king processes. The MSC’s workforce is approximately 9,000 employees across the globe, with about 80 percent of the working at the sea. The majority of these workers are mariners who work for the civil service in their respective federal governments. Other employees work for private firms as commercial mariners, and other members of the reserve military. The civilians, unlike the US Naval ships that are operated by the military personnel, operate all the MSC ships.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even though the MSC ships are operated by civilians, they may be involves in the military operation in moments of war by carrying military supplies as well as carrying communication equipments. They are able to do this because some of their ships have small military departments that are designed to carry out these operations. Contingency plan Contingency planning is defined as the method used in developing or inventing other plans to be used in solving risks that may occur in the organization. Contingency have the following advantages when properly planned within the company include: helps the company to prosper as it tackle any risk that may occur in the company, they will help in correcting risks and make decision making faster, company will be able to tackle more response faster and enables top managers to tackle the possible outcome before occurring. Strategic planning The main objective of strategic planning is understanding the advantages of strategic planning: include the und erstanding of product strategic planning, and knowing the process of planning and implementation. One of the best alternative strategies the MSC should adopt is creating an entrepreneurial strategy (Pearce Robinson, 2004. p 34). This will enhance the effectiveness and efficiency in its operations as well as the extensive use of the business management methods and strategies in its operations. The knowledge and methods of business management are very essential in the implementation of its functions, i.e. service and administrative functions. Another important alternative that the MSC should adopt is to use the external resources such as outsourcing services that focus on definite areas. This will help MSC in saving the funds that would have been used in the regulations, training, and providing benefits to its employees unlike in the case of employees under contract. Evaluation of the distribution of its employees such as the military employees versus the civilian employees is also a very vita alternative. The military workforce is quite expensive since a lot of money is required to provide all the turnover period of about three years. Delinking the Strategy and Decision-making policy from the Provision of services is also another good alternative. This strategy is sometimes known as separating â€Å"steering from rowing†. The separation of strategy and decision-making policy from the provision of services is enhanced through devolution. Top managers are therefore advised to put their effort and focus on the decision-making, leadership as well as in strategic management and leaving other employees to offer the services. Keys to successful implementation Functional-level strategies are the best grand strategy considering its nature and operations. These strategies involve coordinating the functional areas of an organization. These functional areas are human resources; marketing; production; finance as well as research and development. The purpose of coord inating these functional areas is to ensure that each one maintains and contributes to entity- level strategies as well as the overall corporate-level strategies. Every business within the corporate range are concerned with coordinating different operations either in designing, delivering, developing or even in sustaining manufactured products (Barney, 2007. p 65). Corporate strategies have several functions, but the major ones include the use of professionals in practical areas to produce the best results, to integrate an activity that involves research in operations, coordinating, processes, and future trends. Including resources, control of inventories, purchasing, and shipping. By also assuring that, the functional strategies integrate with the business level and corporate strategies. References Barney, J. B. (2007). Gaining and sustaining competitive advantage. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Mintzberg, H., Ghoshal S., Lampel J., Quinn J. (2003). The strategy pr ocess  Concepts, and cases. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Pearce, J., A., Robinson B. (2004). Strategic management: Formulation,  Implementation and control. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.

Stoichiometry Definition in Chemistry

Stoichiometry Definition in Chemistry Stoichiometry is one of the most important subjects in general chemistry. It is typically introduced after discussing parts of the atom and unit conversions. While its not difficult, many students get put off by the complicated-sounding word. For this reason, it may be introduced as Mass Relations. StoichiometryDefinition Stoichiometry is the study of the quantitative relationships or ratios between two or more substances undergoing a physical change or chemical change (chemical reaction). The word derives from the  Greek words:  stoicheion  (meaning element) and  metron  (meaning to measure). Most often, stoichiometry calculations deal with the mass or volumes of products and reactants. Pronunciation Pronounce stoichiometry as  stoy-kee-ah-met-tree or abbreviate it as stoyk. What Is Stoichiometry? Jeremias Benjaim Richter defined stoichiometry in 1792 as the science of measuring quantities or mass ratios of chemical elements. You might be given a chemical equation and the mass of one reactant or product and asked to determine the quantity of another reactant or product in the equation. Or, you might be given the quantities of reactants and products and asked to write the balanced equation that fits the math. Important Concepts in Stoichiometry You must master the following chemistry concepts to solve stoichiometry problems: Balancing equationsConverting between grams and molesCalculating molar massCalculating mole ratios Remember, stoichiometry is the study of mass relations. To master it, you need to be comfortable with unit conversions and balancing equations. From there, the focus is on mole relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. Mass-Mass Stoichiometry Problem One of the most common types of chemistry problems youll use stoichiometry to solve is the mass-mass problem. Here are the steps to solve a mass-mass problem: Correctly identify the problem as a mass-mass problem. Usually youre given a chemical equation, like:A 2B → CMost often, the question is a word problem, such as:Assume 10.0 grams of A reacts completely with B. How many grams of C will be produced?Balance the chemical equation. Make certain you have the same number of each type of atom on both the reactants and products side of the arrow in the equation. In other words, apply the Law of Conservation of Mass.Convert any mass values in the problem into moles. Use the molar mass to do this.Use molar proportion to determine unknown quantities of moles. Do this by setting two molar ratios equal to each other, with the unknown as the only value to solve.Convert the mole value you just found into mass, using the molar mass of that substance. Excess Reactant, Limiting Reactant, and Theoretical Yield Because atoms, molecules, and ions react with each other according to molar ratios, youll also encounter stoichiometry problems that ask you to identify the limiting reactant or any reactant that is present in excess. Once you know how many moles of each reactant you have, you compare this ratio to the ratio required to complete the reaction. The limiting reactant would be used up before the other reactant, while the excess reactant would be the one leftover after the reaction proceeded. Since the limiting reactant defines exactly how much of each reactant actually participates in a reaction, stoichiometry is used to determine theoretical yield. This is how much product can be formed if the reaction uses all of the limiting reactant and proceeds to completion. The value is determined using the molar ratio between the amount of limiting reactant and product.

Egyptian Mythology, Egyptians and Tanakh Creations Story Essay - 6

Egyptian Mythology, Egyptians and Tanakh Creations Story - Essay Example The creation stories in the Tanakh and Egyptians epic are similar in that all things were created by the deity conceiving something and pronouncing it by his tongue. The creation stories are also different. The creation stories in the Tanakh have only one Supreme Being, who creates everything. But in the Egyptian and Mesopotamia creation epics, there are many gods, and they are struggling against each other. In the Mesopotamians epic, the opposing force (Tiamat) is destroyed through war but in the Tanakh, the opposing force is not destroyed but cursed. In the Egyptians epic story, the deity is represented by nature like the cloud, sun, earth, sky, etc. But in the Tanakh, God is beyond nature and creation, and He is not part of creation. Biblically, a covenant refers to an agreement between God and His people. God makes promises which He faithfully fulfills if the people abide by the conditions set in the covenant. In the creation, God created Adam and gave him dominion over the earth on the condition that He will not eat the tree of Knowledge of good and evil(Gen 2:17). But Adam disobeyed and ate the fruit and hence broke the covenant and, as a result, was cursed and cast out of Eden. Later on, the world became very corrupt, and God decided to destroy the whole earth by water but saved Noah and his household (Gen 6:7-8). After the Flood had receded, God made a covenant with Noah that God will never again destroy the world by water. After the flood, the people came together and decided to build the tower of Babel that was to reach the sky (Gen 11:3-4). God come and confused the people with different languages, and they were scattered (Gen 11:8). God desired to save man, and He called Abraham so that through Him, the man could come into a relationship with God (Gen 17:1-8). Abraham was to live faithfully and blameless before God. Israelites were not only a people of the covenant but also a political  community. The captives of Judah were allowed to return to Jerusalem by Cyrus, King of Persia in his first year of rule. Ezra and Nehemiah record the reconstitution of the nation of Judah through the rebuilding of the temple.  

Capital Punishment in America Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Capital Punishment in America - Research Paper Example Deterrence is regarded as a means of discouraging individuals from engagement in criminal activities. This involves illustrating to offenders that harsh consequences would result for their criminal actions. Such consequences include one being imprisoned. As such, deterrence illustrates that punishment should be provided as a consequence of crime. Since human beings are rational, contemplation of the severity and consequences of punishment would deter people from temptations of engaging in criminal activities. This validates the use of deterrence as the means of punishment for criminal activities in society. On the other hand, retribution indicates an action of repairing or repaying something as price of criminal activities of an individual. Such a punishment makes an individual develop individual responsibility towards social structures and â€Å"keep off† criminal activities. As such, the most effective means of deterring crime is retribution. This is because an individual is subject to payment of the criminal acts. This acts as an effective means of making an individual not to engage in criminal activities. This type of punishment is more significant in cases where the individual commits a crime for the first time than in cases of subsequent crimes. The American society believes in punishment as a consequence of criminal activities. This depicts that people are aware of what kind of punishment they may receive in case they engage in criminal activities. Moreover, retribution provides a means of punishment, which depends on the degree of the crime committed by an individual. Therefore, the punishment administered to the criminal is equivalent to the crime committed and the criminal does not receive excessive or less punishment in comparison to the magnitude of the crime committed. However, in situations where an individual is engaged in multiple crimes and retribution does not prove effective. Such an individual should be subjected to rehabilitation for m of punishment. This is because this form of punishment allows effective cross-examination of the psychological needs and reactions of an individual, which could be the factors, which makes such an individual to engage in criminal activities. After such a cross-examination, an individual is guided under a controlled environment, which allows consistent monitoring of behavior of an individual. This leads to a change in the conduct of an individual in society. Furthermore, rehabilitation provides an opportunity of offering moral education to an individual who is engaged in criminal activities. This may also include provision of vocation training, which equips an individual with skills, which would keep such an individual from engagement in criminal activities, in society. Deterrence is not an effective means of punishment since it leads to the development of fear among individuals, which impacts the decision-making process of individuals in society (Lund, 2002). As such, using deterr ence as a form of punishment would create an American society, which is composed of an element of fear.

Macro and Micro Environmental Factors Essay Example for Free

Macro and Micro Environmental Factors Essay There are many other products to choose in the soft drink market include Pepsi Co product , the different is those products are cheaper than Gatorade * In order to attract more customers, Gatorade has improved its product quality and spent lots of money on advertising. -Selling products Gatorade mostly is the imported product so most distributor afraid that they can’t sell Gatorade because of Gatorade price * Gatorade has increased the supplier’s commission. -Publics: The customers in the last 1 year with the developing of VN economic has begun to care about their health lately. Many sport center, fitness club, etc†¦ has been opened in the last 15 years. * The big, potential market for energy beverage drink such as Gatorade to grow. As the result, Pepsi has built up many small, convenient store around those places. * Advertising and promoting trough sport events. Gatorade is also focus on McKinsey’s structure include: structure, strategy, and skill, staff, and style, system and share value. + Style: Gatorade is one of the company which have style. It helps Pepsi too adopted to changes so it can reach and fix it quickly. + Strategy: Improve the sport drink market in VN * Improve both product quality and price * Has an production line in VN with cheap resources and good materials but still guarantee the quality. So as to compete, Pepsi has advertised its product a lot and had various surveys to research what their consumer’s needs and produce healthy products are. Macro environment -Political : VN has been the 150th member of WTO so it has attracted many big investors all over the world. The government has supported many enterprises and business investments by changing to the international law, this has led to more active business action which the consumers can approach to the local products and costumers can have more choice within all the global products too. * Pepsi Co considered about importing more Gatorade in each trip to reduce to price and earn more revenue or adding no more product. -Technology: Consumers now mostly pay all the products by credit, master or visa card which allows company to narrow the distance between producer and buyer. gt; It invests not only in one country but open up many branches all over the world and there must be decision whether to use capital for hiring staff, advertising the product, etc†¦. or not Economics environment: The average income of a Vietnamese is affected by inflation and economic ciao. So, the number of selling product s are also decrease. Pepsi has made a decision to having more and more promotion, and held lots of social event to refresh the consumer’s comments about the company to set up a good new one. Environment: The environment issue in VN is becoming more and more serious. This problem is can’t be avoid in developing country. It’s the result of industrialize and modernization. To reduce pollution government has set up a law in order to protect the environment. Even though, Vietnamese’s awareness isn’t as high as other country but the law has been enforced a great punishment to those who pollute the environment. * This make Pepsi spent lots of money in buy new green-facilities , and providing the idea of protecting the nvironment to not only their staff but also their customers. Both help to protect the environment and stil l promote Pepsi good fame. Bargaining Power of Supplier: the soft drink market in VN and foreign isn’t the exclusive market. Bargaining Power of Consumers: * Industries facing powerful buyers: Distributors have the power to negotiate with the company on price, product quality, as well as marketing policy. * Industries facing weak buyers : have little impact on the market, Each buyers will buy the products with different purposes. Some bought to sell, others for political purpose . Numbers of require products is too much for the producer to still keeping it product quality. So that, the pressure is heavy too Threat of entry: Gatorade has many competitors. Competition from substitutes: Gatorade should be change product when customer want and need, also price and quality. Competition between firms: Gatorade have many competitor in Vietnam. Gatorade should always pay attention to your competitors.

American Dream in The Great Gatsby Essay example -- essays research pa

â€Å"The American Dream is invariably seen to fail. Discuss† The Great Gatsby   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  F. Scott Fitzgerald is seen as one of the greatest American writers, admired by his contemparies and by modern audiences of today. Fitzgerald was very much in tune with the early twentieth century American culture. He is credited with capturing the ‘Jazz Age’, which he described as â€Å"a generation grown up to find all Gods dead, all wars fought, all faiths in man shaken†. Fitzgerald observed the culture around him with a critical eye. Despite being able to depict America like few others could, many see Fitzgerald’s writing as an indictment on its values.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Works such as The Diamond as Big as the Ritz and Absolution (said by Fitzgerald to be an introduction to The Great Gatsby ) are regarded as attacks on the concept of the American Dream and that Fitzgerald believed it to be futile. This disillusionment is most starkly and tragically explored in The Great Gatsby.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The character of Jay Gatsby could be perceived as the embodiment of the American Dream. He comes from a poor working background, where he is James Gatz, and reinvents himself into the wealthy popular figure of Jay Gatsby. He represents the idea that â€Å"anybody can make it in America†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After Gatsby’s death, his Father shows Nick his ‘schedule’ from when he was a boy; SCHEDULE Rise from bed  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A.M Dumbbell exercise and wall-scaling  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6.15 – 6.30   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å" Study electricity, etc.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7.15 – 8.15 â€Å" Work  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8.30 – 4.30 P.M Baseball and sports  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  &nb... ...dreams – not through her own fault, but because of the colossal vitality of his illusion.† The American Dream is simply that; a dream. Through the tragedy of Gatsby, Fitzgerald shows us what happens when fantasy and reality are brought together. Despite seemingly having everything, Gatsby has nothing. His material wealth cannot compensate for what he lacks emotionally. Like Jay Gatsby, the American Dream will always fail when it is shattered by reality. Bibliography Deborah L. Madsen, American Exceptionalism, Keele University Press, 1998 Leslie Fieldler, Love and Death in the American Novel (3rd Edition), Penguin, 1982 Thomas Stavoli, Scott Fitzgerald: Crisis in American Identity, Vision Press, 1979 Brian Way, F. Scott Fitzgerald and The Art of Social Fiction, Arnold, 1986 Neil Campbell and Alisdair Kean, American Cultural Studies: An Introduction to American Culture, Routledge, 1997 Ann Massa and Scott Donaldson, American Literature: Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries, Newton Abbot, 1978 Marius Bewley, The Eccentric Design: Form in the Classic American Novel, Columbia University Press, 1959 F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, Wordsworth Editions Limited, 1993

Explanation of Hamlet’s Mystery (by: Ernest Jones)

pg. 101: Explanation of Hamlet's Mystery by Ernest Jones Much as he hates him, he can never denounce him with the ardent indignation that boils straight from his blood when he reproaches his mother, for the more vigorously he denounces his uncle the more powerfully does he stimulate to activity his own unconscious and â€Å"repressed† complexes. He is there- fore in a dilemma between on the one hand allowing his natural detestation of his uncle to have free play, a consum- mation which would make him aware of his own horrible ishes, and on the other ignoring the imperative call for ven- geance that his obvious duty demands. He must either realise his own evil in denouncing his uncle's, or strive to ignore, to condone and if possible even to forget the latter in continuing to â€Å"repress† the former; his moral fate is bound up with his uncle's for good or ill. The call of duty to slay his uncle cannot be obeyed because it links itself with the call of his nature to sla y his mother's husband, whether this is the first or the second; the latter call is strongly â€Å"repressed,† and therefore necessarily the former also.It is no mere chance that he says of himself that he is prompted to the revenge â€Å"by heaven and hell,† though the true significance of the expres- sion of course quite escapes him. Hamlet's dammed-up feeling finds a partial vent in other directions, the natural one being blocked. The petulant irascibility and explosive outbursts called forth by the vexa- tion of Guildenstern and Rosencrantz, and especially of Polo- nius, are evidently to be interpreted in this way, as also is in part the burning nature of his reproaches to his mother. In- deed towards the end of the interview with his mother the hought of her misconduct expresses itself in that almost physical disgust which is so often the manifestation of in- tensely â€Å"repressed† sexual feeling. â€Å"Let the bloat king tempt you again to bed; Pinch wa nton on your cheek; call you his mouse; And let him, for a pair of reechy kisses, Or paddling in your neck with his damn'd fingers, Make you to ravel all this matter out. † His attitude towards Polonius is highly instructive. Here the absence of family tie, and of other influences, enables him to indulge to a relatively unrestrained degree his hostility towards the prating and sententious dotard.

An Academic Intervention Model

IntroductionThere is a societal division that lies at the bosom of Irish 2nd degree instruction. Students from deprived or lower socio-economic groups tend to rule in the vocational instruction sector while pupils from the higher societal strata seem to swerve towards voluntary instruction ( spiritual ) sector. In England, at the terminal of a kid ‘s primary instruction, normally at the age of 12-14 old ages the Eleven plus scrutiny is administered to pupils. The intent of the Eleven plus scrutiny is to prove a pupil ‘s ability to work out jobs utilizing verbal logical thinking, non-verbal logical thinking mathematics and English. The intent of this scrutiny is to find which type of school the pupil will go to on completion of their primary instruction: a grammar school, a secondary school, or a proficient school. In Ireland, the Primary Certificate scrutiny became mandatory for students in 6th criterion in 1943, dwelling of three written documents in Irish, English and a rithmetic. It was later abolished in 1967 go forthing no tantamount system of streaming. The patterned advance from primary school to secondary school in Ireland has its ain ( less overt ) choice procedure. The choice procedure is that of the parents and the pupils themselves make up one's minding which sort of secondary school they will go to. Second-level instruction in Ireland comprises of voluntary secondary, vocational, community and comprehensive schools. All of these schools offer the Certificate classs prescribed by the Department of Education and Science, enter their pupils for the same national scrutinies and are capable to review by the Department. The determination, hence, on which school to go to, is based on the community ‘s cultural perceptual experience of that peculiar school. There is a class-structured position of instruction which prevails really much within 2nd degree instruction. This category differentiation between the voluntary secondary school and the vocational secondary school is really prevailing. The division has a civilization which associates the more academically capable pupil with the voluntary secondary school and the less academic pupil to the vocational secondary school. A Brief History of Vocational Education in Ireland { In order to understand how this division is present today, when both schools operate the same class course of study, offering the Junior and Leaving Certificate scrutinies. We must look at the development of vocational instruction in Ireland since the late 19th century. } The Vocational Education Act of 1930 was the first major instruction enterprise of the so Irish Free State. Even today, this Act has a strong influence on the execution of current educational policy. The intent of the Act was to set up vocational instruction in Ireland that would offer â€Å" proficient and continuation instruction. † Vocational Education Committees were established in every county and the schools they ran were known as ‘technical schools. ‘ The proficient school offered an alternate to the more academically focussed course of study of the voluntary secondary schools. Up to 1967, the Primary Certificate was the recognized making awarded to pupils between the ages of 12 and 14 on completion of primary instruction. Today, the Eleven Plus continues to be in a more voluntary capacity but more as an entryway test into a specific group of schools, unlike in the yesteryear where it was compulsory in nature In 1924, the Intermediate and Leaving Certificate programmes were introduced into secondary instruction. The Intermediate Certificate test was taken by pupils after a three twelvemonth rhythm. Students so progressed to the Leaving Certificate, which was completed after a farther two old ages. The Leaving Certificate was and still is the choice trial used to derive entree to third flat instruction. In 1947, the biennial Group Certificate was introduced for the vocational schools. It included practical appraisals and teacher appraisals of the pupils ‘ work. This was really different from the single-exam Intermediate and Leaving Certificates. The intent of the Group Certificate was to fix pupils for the employment. Prior to the debut of the Group Certificate, pupils would hold left instruction without any formal making. The debut of the Group Certificate reinforced the societal differences between the two instruction sectors, the vocational and the academic. The practical component of the Group Certificate appraisals and scrutiny reinforced the perceptual experience of vocational instruction as being of a lower value than that of the academic voluntary secondary school. Writing about vocational instruction in Ireland in the 1950s, John Coolahan in his book Irish Education, History and Structure ( 1981, p103 ) has this to state about the Group Certificate: ‘ [ it ] aˆÂ ¦was of a terminal character with small or no transportation value to foster formal instruction. ‘ He goes on to admit the negative perceptual experience of the vocational system. Sean O'Connor in his book, Post-primary instruction: now and in the hereafter ( 1968 ) felt that by comparing to the Numberss go toing voluntary secondary schools that: A little figure of parents, by penchant, sent their kids to vocational schools-mainly in the midlands-so that they might gain the Group Certificate, which offered well-paid occupations in Bord na Mona and the ESB. Otherwise, parents with any aspiration for their kids did non utilize the vocational system. ( p.28 ) . The demand to turn to this instability resulted in the debut of the Intermediate and Leaving Certificate into vocational schools in 1966. The course of study was besides expanded to include topics such as Building Construction, Agriculture, Economics, Engineering and Business Organisation. Although this went some manner to turn to the educational disparity between the two instruction sectors, vocational instruction was still thought of as inferior by Irish societal attitudes in their rating of proficient instruction. The assignment of Donagh O'Malley in 1967, as Minister for Education, brought reform and important alterations to Irish instruction. He broadened entree with the debut of free second-level instruction. He abolished the Primary Certificate, which resulted in the stoping of the narrow focal point on the three Primary Certificate scrutiny topics of Irish, English and Arithmetic. The inaugural greatly increased pupil registration in 2nd degree instruction. In 1972, the school go forthing age was increased to fifteen. By the late eightiess, society ‘s demand for this signifier of proficient instruction refering to trades, industries, commercialism and physical preparation was altering. This was further emphasised in 1989 by the Department of Education who introduced the Junior Certificate into vocational schools. . The debut of the Junior Certificate into vocational schools addressed portion of the makings disparity between the two educational sectors. For the first clip since its enception vocational instruction had equal position at the Junior Cycle as the voluntary secondary schools. Unfortunately, the perceptual experience of vocational instruction as being of a â€Å" lower category † is still apparent even today. Irish societal attitudes still tend to tie in vocational instruction as manual and practical-type instruction. Middle-class parents see voluntary secondary instruction as more esteemed academic-type of instruction which they feel will basically take to their kid procuring greater chances at third-level instruction and finally a white-collar occupation. Vocational schools still make up a important per centum of secondary schools. Of the 730 2nd degree schools in the state, 250 are vocational schools, providing for 30 % of all 2nd degree pupils ( Department of Education and Science 2010 ) . New Section Roscommon Community School, antecedently called Roscommon Vocational School, was in world a low accomplishing school. Morale and outlooks among pupils and instructors and parents was low. The assignment of the current principal caused the attitude of pupils and instructors to better well. Through a series of alterations instigated by him through audience with the pupils, parents and instructors turn toing countries such as pupil subject, general housework: school uniform/appearance, prep, attending, promptness and general behavior, staff preparation, staff motive etc. order returned to the school bettering with it staff and pupil morale. The school has now reached a tableland, and an chance has been created so that the political relations of divisiveness has been neutralised. Staff now have the accomplishments, attitude, vision, and willingness to develop originative ways to learn more efficaciously, wise man and engage parents and better academic accomplishment of the school. New SECTION ( DEFINITION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE CONCEPTS ) This thesis will try to place the factors that guarantee the effectual running of a school and look into how the â€Å" Academic Intervention Model † she developed, together with the staff and pupils, and the encouragement of parental engagement can develop societal interpersonal accomplishments, self-esteem, academic self-image, academic accomplishment and instructor, parent and pupil positions and attitudes. A schools ranking in the National League Tables is the flagstone of national and community perceptual experience of a school. It is a changeless challenge for a school to project itself in a positive visible radiation. School selling, good pupil classs and the figure of pupils come oning to third degree helps to maintain the pupil registration Numberss up. In the research survey, I will utilize my current topographic point of work as the ‘action research undertaking ‘ and will work with a group of 40 fifth and 6th twelvemonth pupils and their parents over a biennial period. Throughout the research the school will be known by the anonym of Fairhill Community School. Based on school records such as Leaving Certificate consequences, CAO, FAS and Job Applications it is apparent that the school does non bring forth many high accomplishing pupils. Alumnuss of the school would take up employment, apprenticeships or go to an institute of engineering and merely 5 % of pupils would procure a topographic point at university. The writer feels that an action research attack would outdo suit the research intended. Ernest Stringer states that: A cardinal premiss of community-based action research is that it commences with an involvement in the jobs of a group, a community, or an administration. Its intent is to help people in widening their apprehension of their state of affairs and therefore deciding jobs that confront them aˆÂ ¦ Community-based action research is ever enacted through an expressed set of societal values. In modern, democratic societal contexts, it is seen as a procedure of enquiry that has the undermentioned features: It is democratic, enabling the engagement of all people. It is just, admiting people ‘s equality of worth. It is emancipating, supplying freedom from oppressive, debilitating conditions. It is life heightening, enabling the look of people ‘s full human potency. ( Action Research, 1999, page 17 )

How Responsible is My Generation †English Essay

How Responsible is My Generation – English Essay Free Online Research Papers My generation is less responsible than my parents generation for many reasons. My generation is one of technology. It is a generation of Gameboys, Internet Browsers, graphing calculators and DVDs. My parents generation is a generation of self-motivation. It was one of walking places, writing out problems, and reading books. The advancements in technology have worked to make my generation lazy. The slightly primitive times of my elders, helped them build motivation within themselves and allowed them to build up a want to learn. A person of my generation may ask why he should learn the origin and meaning of a given problem when all he really needs to do is punch in a few buttons, hit enter, and copy the answer from a screen to paper. In my parents generaton, things were not made quite so easy. Instead of plugging in their problem on a calculator, they had to write out step by step, the formula to the problem, and thereafter thoroughly understand each step they made as they went along. . Most kids my age would rather get past level 4 of a Mortal Combat video game than learn about the fascinating concepts of calculus, and those not playing the game and actually doing their work, could care less about the concepts. Theyd rather just rememeber the steps to take on their TI-83 to get the good grade on the test. So, yeah, Id say that my generation is less responsible than my parents. For we try too hard to find machines and electronic tools that will work for us, than strengthening our only real essential tool- our mind. From the mind, stems many other tools that dont require being plugged in, or charged up. Effort, passion, motivation, these are what we are lacking that our parents generation found within themselves. In some cases, lack of resources inclines the mind to think. This seems very applicable when noticing the divergency of responsibility levels in my generation and my parents. Research Papers on How Responsible is My Generation - English EssayPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyStandardized TestingPETSTEL analysis of IndiaResearch Process Part OneAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfHip-Hop is ArtThe Hockey GameThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationGenetic Engineering

How the Forest and Court Are Shown in As You Like It

How the Forest and Court Are Shown in As You Like It As You Like It is set in a forest, but it is difficult to be clear about the As You Like It setting. Some argue that it is the Forest of Arden that once surrounded Shakespeare’s hometown of Stratford-upon-Avon; others believe that the As You Like It setting is in Ardennes, France. Forest vs. Court The forest is presented in a more favorable light in that the â€Å"goodies†, Duke Senior and his court, reside there. All of the good characters in the court are banished or exiled to the forest at the start of the play. Duke Senior describes the court as â€Å"painted pomp†¦the envious court†. He goes on to say that in the forest the dangers are real but natural and are preferable to those in the court â€Å"The †¦churlish chiding of the winter’s wind†¦ even till I shrink with cold, I smile and say This is no flattery† (Act 2, Scene 1). He suggests the harsh conditions of the forest are preferable to the pomp and false flattery in the court: That at least in the forest, things are honest. This could be compared to the courtly love between Orlando and Rosalind and the bawdy, primitive but honest love between Touchstone and Audrey. There are also reflections of Robin Hood and his merry men in the lives of Duke Senior and his supporters: â€Å"†¦there they live like the old Robin Hood of England† (Charles; Act 1, Scene 1). This reinforces the positive depiction of the forest as opposed to the negative portrayal of the court. When the evil characters enter the forest they have a sudden change of heart as discussed – suggesting the forest has healing properties. There is, therefore, a sense of foreboding at the end of the play when the characters are to be restored to the court†¦we hope that they will bring some of the natural qualities of forest life with them when they return. In this, Shakespeare may be suggesting that there needs to be a balance between forest and court; living with nature and using your senses should be balanced with living in an ordered, political world where education and social politeness is necessary. If one is too close to nature they may turn out like Touchstone and Audrey but if they are too political, they may become more like Duke Frederick. Duke Senior has struck a happy balance – being educated and gentlemanly having the ability to manage people but also appreciating nature and its offerings. Class and Social Structures The struggle between forest and court also sheds light on the class struggle at the core of the play. Celia disguises her nobility to become a poor woman,  Aliena, in the forest. She does this in order to protect herself, presumably from those who would try and steal from her. This gives her freedom she has never enjoyed. Oliver falls for her dressed as Aliena and we know as a result, that his motives are honorable – he is not after her money. This is important in that previously, Oliver’s motives have been questionable. Touchstone and Audrey are seen as more lowly characters but as discussed, are possibly perceived as more honest as a result, they are unable to social climb and therefore don’t need to flatter and lie their way to the top. Duke Senior is happier in the forest without the trappings of his dukedom. Shakespeare may be suggesting that just because you are considered to be ‘high class’ it is not necessarily reflected in your nature – or that in order to social climb one needs to lie and flatter and therefore people at the top of society are the worst kind of people. However, at the end of the play when the Duke is restored to the court we are led to believe that the court will be a better place, perhaps because he has witnessed firsthand what it is like to be poor. He is compared to Robin Hood and as such is considered ‘of the people.’

Why artist exaggerate certain body parts and ignore others Essay

Why artist exaggerate certain body parts and ignore others - Essay Example The artists therefore study and understand the expectations of the audience and present themselves accordingly (Peirce, & Adrienne, 2005). Body parts that appeal to the audience are exaggerated to create an impression that the artist is the best fit for the particular context (Allan & Pease, 2006). For instance, female music artists exaggerate their hips and breasts and reduce their waist since the resultant image is perceived as sexy and appealing. On the other hand, male artists exaggerate their biceps and chests to depict strength and power. More notably, artists may exaggerate certain body parts in order to mimic previous renowned artists who were famous and favorite to the target audience. This way, they are able to create an impression that they are equally appealing and successful. However, artists may also exaggerate certain parts of their bodies in order to camouflage their weaknesses to avoid negative public perception. Whatever the reason for articulating body image, the ultimate result is to create a positive impression on the target